經濟金融常用術語漢英對照表格介紹

　　A

　　安全網 safety net

　　按可比口徑 on comparable basis

　　按輕重緩急 to prioritize

　　暗補 implicit subsidy

　　暗虧 hidden loss

　　B

　　頒發營業執照 to license;to grant a licence to

　　辦理存款業務 to take deposits

　　保護農民的生產積極性 to protect farmers'incentive to produce

　　備付金（超額準備金） excess reserves

　　本外幣并賬 consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts

　　本外幣對沖操作 sterilization operation

　　本位利益 localized interest;departmentalism

　　奔小康 to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do

　　避稅（請見“逃稅”） tax avoidance

　　幣種搭配不當 currency mismatch

　　幣種構成 currency composition

　　變相社會集資 disguised irregular（or illegal） fund raising

　　表外科目（業務） off-balance-sheet items（operation）

　　薄弱環節 weaknesses;loopholes

　　不變成本 fixed cost

　　不變價 at constant price;in real terms

　　不動產 real estate

　　不良貸款（資產） problem loans；non-performing loans（assets）

　　經濟金融術語漢英對照表 H

　　經濟金融術語漢英對照表 H 整理時間: 2004/10/28

　　H

　　合理預期 rational expectation

　　核心資本 core capital

　　合資企業 joint-venture enterprises

　　紅利 dividend

　　宏觀經濟運營良好 sound macroeconomic performance

　　宏觀經濟基本狀況 macroeconomic fundamentals

　　宏觀調控 macroeconomic management（or adjustment）

　　宏觀調控目標 macroeconomic objectives（or targets）

　　壞賬 bad debt

　　還本付息 debt service

　　換匯成本 unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings

　　匯兌在途 funds in float

　　匯兌支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank

　　匯率并軌 unification of exchange rates

　　活期存款 demand deposits

　　匯率失調 exchange rate misalignment

　　混合所有制 diversified（mixed）ownership

　　貨幣政策態勢 monetary policy stance

　　貨款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers

　　經濟金融術語漢英對照表 J

　　J

　　基本建設投資 investment in infrastructure

　　基本經濟要素 economic fundamentals

　　基本適度 broadly appropriate

　　基準利率 benchmark interest rate

　　機關團體存款 deposits of non-profit institutions

　　機會成本 opportunity cost

　　激勵機制 incentive mechanism

　　積壓嚴重 heavy stockpile;excessive inventory

　　擠提存款 run on banks

　　擠占挪用 unwarranted diversion of（financial）resources（from designated uses）

　　技改投資 investment in technological upgrading

　　技術密集型產品 technology-intensive product

　　計劃單列市 municipalities with independent planning status

　　計劃經濟 planned economy

　　集體經濟 the collective sector

　　加大結構調整力度 to intensify structural adjustment

　　加工貿易 processing trade

　　加快態勢 accelerating trend

　　加強稅收征管稽查 to enhance tax administration

　　加權價 weighted average price

　　價格放開 price liberalization

　　價格形成機制 pricing mechanism

　　減虧 to reduce losses

　　簡化手續 to cut red tape;to simplify（streamline）procedures

　　交投活躍 brisk trading

　　繳存準備金 to deposit required reserves

　　結構扭曲 structural distortion

　　結構失調 structural imbalance

　　結構性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance

　　結構優化 structural improvement（optimization）

　　結匯、售匯 sale and purchase of foreign exchange

　　金融脆弱 financial fragility

　　金融動蕩 financial turbulence

　　金融風波 financial disturbance

　　金融恐慌 financial panic

　　金融危機 financial crisis

　　金融壓抑 financial repression

　　金融衍生物 financial derivatives

　　金融詐騙 financial fraud

　　緊縮銀根 to tighten monetary policy

　　緊縮政策 austerity policies;tight financial policies

　　經常賬戶可兌換 current account convertibility

　　經濟特區 special economic zones（SEZs）

　　經濟體制改革 economic reform

　　經濟增長方式的轉變 change in the main source of economic growth（from investment expansion to efficiency gains）

　　經濟增長減速 economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth

　　經濟制裁 economic sanction

　　經營自主權 autonomy in management

　　景氣回升 recovery in business activity

　　境外投資 overseas investment

　　競爭加劇 intensifying competition

　　局部性金融風波 localized（isolated）financial disturbance

　　經濟金融術語漢英對照表 G

　　G

　　改革試點 reform experimentation

　　杠桿率 leverage ratio

　　杠桿收購 leveraged buyout

　　高息集資 to raise funds by offering high interest

　　個人股 non-institutional shares

　　根本扭轉 fundamental turnaround（or reversal）

　　公開市場操作 open market operations

　　公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts

　　公用事業 public utilities

　　公有經濟 the state-owned sector;the public sector

　　公有制 public ownership

　　工業成本利潤率 profit-to-cost ratio

　　工業增加值 industrial value added

　　供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply

　　鼓勵措施 incentives

　　股份合作企業 joint-equity cooperative enterprises

　　股份制企業 joint-equity enterprises

　　股份制銀行 joint-equity banks

　　固定資產貸款 fixed asset loans

　　關稅減免 tariff reduction and exemption

　　關稅減讓 tariff concessions

　　關稅優惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment

　　規范行為 to regularize（or standardize）…behavior

　　規模效益 economies of scale

　　國計民生 national interest and people's livelihood

　　國家對個人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals

　　國家風險 country risk

　　國際分工 international division of labor

　　國際收支 balance of payments

　　國有獨資商業銀行 wholly state-owned commercial banks

　　國有經濟（部門） the state-owned（or public）sector

　　國有企業 state-owned enterprises（SOEs）

　　國有制 state-ownership

　　國有資產流失 erosion of state assets

　　國債回購 government securities repurchase

　　國債一級自營商 primary underwriters of government securities

　　過度競爭 excessive competition

　　過度膨脹 excessive expansion

　　過熱跡象 signs of overheating

　　經濟金融術語漢英對照表 E-F

　　E

　　惡性通貨膨脹 hyperinflation

　　二級市場 secondary market

　　F

　　發行貨幣 to issue currency

　　發行總股本 total stock issue

　　法定準備金 required reserves;reserve requirement

　　法人股 institutional shares

　　法人股東 institutional shareholders

　　法治 rule of law

　　房地產投資 real estate investment

　　放松銀根 to ease monetary policy

　　非現場稽核 off-site surveillance（or monitoring）

　　非銀行金融機構 non-bank financial institutions

　　非贏利性機構 non-profit organizations

　　分稅制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system

　　分業經營 segregation of financial business（services）;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions

　　風險暴露（風險敞口） risk exposure

　　風險管理 risk management

　　風險意識 risk awareness

　　風險資本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios

　　風險資本標準 risk-based capital standard

　　服務事業收入 public service charges;user's charges

　　扶貧 poverty alleviation

　　負增長 negative growth

　　復式預算制 double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary account

　　經濟金融術語漢英對照表 D

　　D

　　打白條 issue IOU

　　大額存單 certificate of deposit（CD）

　　大額提現 withdraw deposits in large amounts

　　大面積滑坡 wide-spread decline

　　大一統的銀行體制 （all-in-one）mono-bank system

　　呆賬（請見“壞賬”） bad loans

　　呆賬準備金 loan loss reserves（provisions）

　　呆滯貸款 idle loans

　　貸款沉淀 non-performing loans

　　貸款分類 loan classification

　　貸款限額管理 credit control;to impose credit ceiling

　　貸款約束機制 credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism

　　代理國庫 to act as fiscal agent

　　代理金融機構貸款 make loans on behalf of other institutions

　　戴帽貸款 ear-marked loans

　　倒逼機制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition

　　道德風險 moral hazard

　　地區差別 regional disparity

　　第一產業 the primary industry

　　第二產業 the secondary industry

　　第三產業 the service industry;the tertiary industry

　　遞延資產 deferrable assets

　　訂貨不足 insufficient orders

　　定期存款 time deposits

　　定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources

　　東道國（請見“母國”） host country

　　獨立核算 independent accounting

　　短期國債 treasury bills

　　對沖操作 sterilization operation;hedging

　　對非金融部門債權 claims on non-financial sector

　　多種所有制形式 diversified ownership

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