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12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試閱讀理解訓(xùn)練：傳記
His ignorance was as remarkable as hisknowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophyand politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in thenaivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when Ifound incidentally that he was ignorant of theCopernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system.
"You appear to be astonished, " Holmes said, smiling at my expression. "Now that I doknow it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a man's brain originally is like alittle empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose: A fool takes inall the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be usefulto him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he hasdifficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little room has elastic wallsand can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every additionof knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones."
"But the Solar System! " I protested.
"What the deuce is it to me?" he interrupted impatiently.
One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the timewith it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencilmark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it.
Its somewhat ambitious title was "The Book of Life, " and it attempted to show how muchan observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came inhis way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. Thereasoning was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched andexaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or aglance of an eye, to fathom a man's inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, wasimpossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were asinfallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to theuninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they mightwell consider him as a necromancer.
"From a drop of water, "said the writer, "a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link ofit. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired bylong and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highestpossible perfection in it. "
This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidencesjustified it.
1. What is the author's attitude toward Holmes?
[A] Praising.
[B] Critical.
[C] Ironical.
[D] Distaste.
2. What way did the author take to stick out Holmes' uniqueness?
[A] By deduction.
[B] By explanation.
[C] By contrast.
[D] By analysis.
3. What was the Holmes' idea about knowledge-learning?
[A] Learning what every body learned.
[B] Learning what was useful to you.
[C] Learning whatever you came across.
[D] Learning what was different to you.
4. What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about?
[A] One may master the way of reasoning through observation.
[B] One may become rather critical through observation and analysis.
[C] One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis.
[D] One may become practical through observation and analysis.
Vocabulary
1. Thomas Carlyle托馬斯卡萊爾1795-1881美國(guó)作家、歷史家、哲學(xué)家
2. jumble (up)搞亂，使混亂
3. lay hand on (upon) sth.抓住，找到
4. at best最好的情況下
5. elbow out (off)用胳膊肘擠出，推出
6. deuce = devil
what the deuce is it to me?這里表示福爾摩斯的厭惡心理。義：這倒霉的詞兒與我有什么關(guān)系?
7. while away the time消磨/打發(fā)時(shí)間
8. shrewdness機(jī)敏，敏銳，犀利
9. far-fetched牽強(qiáng)附會(huì)，不自然
10. fathom看穿/透，推測(cè)，探索
11. infallible一貫正確
12. uninitiated對(duì)某事無(wú)知的
13. Euclid歐幾里德(古希臘數(shù)學(xué)家)
14. necromancer巫師
難句譯注
1. A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledgewhich might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it.
【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】主從句結(jié)構(gòu)，主句A fool …后跟lumber的定從that he comes across。從句so that中有一knowledge的定從which; or鏈接前后兩個(gè)分詞crowded out與jumbled up;但第一個(gè)so that從句又是后面so that的主句。
【參考譯文】蠢人把他碰到的每種木材(制家具)都拿進(jìn)來(lái)。這樣，可能對(duì)他有用的知識(shí)都被擠出去;最好的情況下，也是和其他種種事情混在一起，所以他就很難抓住知識(shí)。
2. Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show howmuch an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all thatcame in his way.
【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】并列句，連詞and后的句中有賓從how much…。
【參考譯文】這片文章稍有炫耀的標(biāo)題是“生命之書”。它想證明一個(gè)善于觀察的人通過(guò)對(duì)他經(jīng)歷到的一切事情都進(jìn)行真正地系統(tǒng)地考察可以學(xué)到多少東西。
3. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned theprocesses by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.
【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】復(fù)合主從句，so that句型。So句是倒裝。正常句型應(yīng)為：His results would appear sostartling to the uninitiated that…，that句中又是主從句，從句用until連接，中by which定語(yǔ)從句修飾the processes。
【參考譯文】他的結(jié)論對(duì)無(wú)知的人來(lái)說(shuō)是那么驚人，所以他們很可能認(rèn)為他是個(gè)巫師，除非他們學(xué)會(huì)了他用以得出結(jié)論的過(guò)程。
4. Like all other arts, the Science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired bylong and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highestpossible perfection in it.
【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】并列句，nor連接。前一句中有定語(yǔ)從句which修飾one，后一句nor為否定詞。
【參考譯文】像所有的其他藝術(shù)一樣，演繹分析科學(xué)是一種通過(guò)長(zhǎng)期默默的研究，可以習(xí)得的學(xué)問(wèn)，而我們的生命并不長(zhǎng)得足以使任何凡人都能在這一領(lǐng)域取得可能是臻美的成就。
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一篇“傳記”，作者采用以反襯正的對(duì)比手法寫出了福爾摩斯之驚人才華。第一句話開明宗旨“他的無(wú)知和他的有知一樣卓越驚人”，接著就是種種無(wú)知，達(dá)到突出其有知的成就。兩方面表達(dá)，一是福爾摩斯對(duì)無(wú)知的解釋：不能照單全收;二是作者的反對(duì)見解襯托福之才華超人，能一滴水見大海。
答案詳解
1. A贊揚(yáng)。作者以無(wú)知烘托人物之有知，以他本人的反對(duì)批評(píng)觀點(diǎn)來(lái)證明人物的正確。否定及所謂機(jī)刺旨在鋪墊。正反對(duì)比贊揚(yáng)福之精明強(qiáng)悍，才智超人，洞察力強(qiáng)。
2. C作者采用對(duì)比手法。
3. B學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)你有用之物。第二段福之表白，他把頭腦比作一個(gè)小小的空屋，不能隨意選擇家具(知識(shí))塞滿空間，應(yīng)選擇“有用之才”，免得填滿了廢物，把有用之才擠出去。
4. C通過(guò)觀察和分析人會(huì)變得很敏銳。最后二段都是講福所寫文章的內(nèi)容。善于觀察和分析的人可以一眼看透人之本質(zhì)，一點(diǎn)水能知大西洋。這種一葉知秋的本領(lǐng)是通過(guò)長(zhǎng)期觀察、分析研究而得。也就是說(shuō)，通過(guò)觀察分析，人可以變得敏感聰慧，因?yàn)槿f(wàn)物都有聯(lián)系。
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