英文欣賞:姓氏可影響職業(yè)選擇

　　A person's surname can influence their career, experts claim

　　A person’s surname can influence their choice of career, experts believe.

　　Scientists are exploring the theory that people are drawn to certain trades and professions based on the connotations of their surnames.

　　The phenomenon can be observed among famous figures such as the World champion sprinter Usain Bolt or the 18th century poet William Wordsworth.

　　However, serious research is now being dedicated to the concept – known as nominative determinism – to explain why it occurs.

　　New Scientist magazine coined the term after observing that the subject matter of a series of science books and articles bore relevance to the authors’ surnames.

　　John Hoyland, the magazine’s feedback editor, said: “A reader wrote in to tell me that they’d come across a paper on incontinence in the British Journal of Urology which was written by J W Splatt and D Weedon.

　　“I had noticed, as it happens, on the same day in the office, a book on the arctic called Pole Positions: The Polar Regions and the Future of the Planet, by Daniel Snowman.

　　“These two things went together in my mind and I thought there’s something going on here.”

　　Research is now being undertaken in search of an explanation for the phenomenon. A paper in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology has concluded that people are disproportionately likely to “choose careers whose labels resemble their names”.

　　The paper entitled Why Susie Sells Seashells by the Seashore: Implicit Egotism and Major Life Decisions cites the disproportionate number of dentists called Denise or Dennis as an example of the trend.

　　Authors Brett Pelham, Matthew Mirenberg and John Jones concluded that the phenomenon occurs because people “prefer things that are connected to the self (for example, the letters in one's name)”.

　　專家認(rèn)為，一個(gè)人的姓氏會(huì)對(duì)其職業(yè)選擇產(chǎn)生影響。

　　科學(xué)家正在探討的理論是，人們會(huì)根據(jù)自己姓氏的寓意被特定的行業(yè)和職業(yè)所吸引。

　　這一現(xiàn)象可以從一些名人身上觀察到，如世界短跑冠軍尤塞恩?博爾特和18世紀(jì)的詩(shī)人威廉?華茲華斯。

　　不過(guò)，科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在對(duì)這一概念進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的研究來(lái)解釋為什么會(huì)發(fā)生這種現(xiàn)象，并稱之為“姓名決定論”。

　　《新科學(xué)家》雜志注意到一系列科學(xué)書(shū)籍和文章中的主題多和作者的姓氏相關(guān)聯(lián)，從而造出了“姓名決定論”一詞。

　　雜志的反饋報(bào)告編輯約翰?霍伊蘭德說(shuō)：“一個(gè)讀者寫(xiě)信到雜志來(lái)告訴我，他們?cè)凇队��?guó)泌尿?qū)W雜志》上看見(jiàn)了一篇有關(guān)大小便失禁的論文，作者是J W Splatt（與‘濺潑’splatter相近）和D Weedon（與‘撒尿’wee相近）。

　　“碰巧的是，就在同一天上班期間，我注意到一本關(guān)于北極的書(shū)《極地位置：極地地區(qū)和地球的未來(lái)》作者是丹尼爾?斯諾曼（雪人）。

　　“這兩件事在腦中疊加在一起，于是我想，這里面一定有什么奧秘。”

　　目前科學(xué)家正在進(jìn)行研究，以找到能解釋這一現(xiàn)象的答案。一篇發(fā)表在《個(gè)性與社會(huì)心理學(xué)雜志》上的論文得出結(jié)論說(shuō)，有相當(dāng)多的一部分人傾向于“選擇名稱和自己名字相近的職業(yè)”。

　　這篇論文題為《為什么蘇西在海岸邊賣(mài)海貝：隱含的自我中心和重大的人生決定》，其中為了證明這一趨勢(shì)援引的一個(gè)例子是，有相當(dāng)多的一部分牙醫(yī)名字叫Denise或Dennis（與“牙醫(yī)”dentist相近）。

　　該論文的作者布雷特?佩爾漢姆、馬修?麥仁伯格和約翰?瓊斯得出結(jié)論說(shuō)，發(fā)生這一現(xiàn)象是因?yàn)槿藗儭捌珢?ài)那些和自身（如自己名字中的字母）有關(guān)的事物”。

　　Vocabulary:

　　come across: 偶然碰到或發(fā)現(xiàn)

　　implicit: 內(nèi)含的；含蓄的

　　egotism: 自我中心

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