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高二英語詞匯重點(diǎn)知識(shí)總結(jié)
總結(jié)是指社會(huì)團(tuán)體、企業(yè)單位和個(gè)人對(duì)某一階段的學(xué)習(xí)、工作或其完成情況加以回顧和分析，得出教訓(xùn)和一些規(guī)律性認(rèn)識(shí)的一種書面材料，它能夠給人努力工作的動(dòng)力，為此我們要做好回顧，寫好總結(jié)。我們?cè)撛趺磳懣偨Y(jié)呢？以下是小編收集整理的高二英語詞匯重點(diǎn)知識(shí)總結(jié)，希望能夠幫助到大家。
1.eager(keen，anxious) adj.熱切的;渴望的(after，about，for)
The boy was eager for success.男孩子急于獲得成功。
He is eager for his parents to meet his girlfriends.他盼望他的父母去見他的女朋友。
The saleswoman in the shop is always eager to please everybody.
“商店里的那個(gè)女售貨員總是十分殷勤，希望使人人滿意。”
【習(xí)慣用語】
be eager for渴望，渴求，爭(zhēng)取
be eager about渴望，渴求，爭(zhēng)取
be eager after渴望，渴求，爭(zhēng)取
be eager to do急欲，渴望做
【參考詞匯】
eager /keen /anxious意思都含“渴望的”。
eager指“以巨大的熱情渴望實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望或達(dá)到目的的”，有時(shí)也指“由于其他感情影響而表現(xiàn)急不可耐的”，如：
He was eager to see her.他渴望見到她。
keen指“對(duì)某人、某物懷有極大興趣或熱情的”，如：They were keen to win.他們急于取勝。
anxious指“熱切地希望實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望，并因顧慮愿望落空而心情不安，感到焦慮的”，如：l‘m anxious to know the final result.我急于想知道最后的結(jié)果。
eagerly adv. eagerness n.
2.work/task/ duty/job/responsibility
【參考詞匯】
work常指正式職業(yè)和職位的經(jīng)常性、一般性工作，不含有“艱巨”、“沉重”等意思。是不可數(shù)名詞。at work在工作
work hard at努力工作(或?qū)W習(xí));out of work失業(yè)。My work is as a doctor.我當(dāng)醫(yī)生(職業(yè))。
task一般指必須完成的“任務(wù)”，是可數(shù)名詞。如：Mother set me the task of sweeping the floor.母親把掃地的任務(wù)交給了我。task往往含有“艱巨”、“沉重”等意思。而work除另有修飾語外不含此種意思。
duty指“道義上的責(zé)任”，較強(qiáng)調(diào)“自覺性”，如：Every citizen has the duty to construct his country.每個(gè)公民都有建設(shè)祖國(guó)的責(zé)任。
job指“活、事、一份工作”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，多指為換取報(bào)酬而進(jìn)行的日常活動(dòng)，尤指作為某人的手藝、行業(yè)或職業(yè)的工作。可數(shù)。Washing the windows is not my job.洗窗子不是我的事兒(任務(wù))。習(xí)慣表達(dá)：a good job一件好事lose one’s job失業(yè)be out of a job失業(yè)do a good job干的不錯(cuò)
It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours aday.修理自行車就是他的話，而且常常是一天要干14個(gè)小時(shí)。
responsibility指“由于法律、職業(yè)或道德等的要求而應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任”，含有“法津上對(duì)后果負(fù)責(zé)任”的意味，如：
The resposibility rests on us.這由我們負(fù)責(zé)。Do not forget your duty to your parents.不要忘記對(duì)父母應(yīng)盡的責(zé)任。
3.course n.過程;經(jīng)過;進(jìn)程
in the course of discussion在討論期間
道路;路線;方向The ship was blown off course.那船被吹離航線。
【習(xí)慣用語】
in course of在...的過程中
in due course在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候;不久以后
in the courts of在...期間
during the course of在...期間
4.meanwhile adv.此時(shí)同時(shí)
They‘ll be here soon. Meanwhile we’ll have some coffee.他們即刻就到，我們現(xiàn)在先喝點(diǎn)咖啡。
Meanwhile，my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been.
與此同時(shí)，我的舌頭忙于尋找被拔牙齒的傷口。
Meanwhile，two other actors had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees.
與此同時(shí)，另外兩位演員把兩個(gè)盛著食物的大籃子拿到樹下蔭涼的地方。
Jane was writing a letter and meanwhile Pat was watching T.V..簡(jiǎn)在寫信，而在此同時(shí)帕特在看電視。
5.case n.事;事例
This is a case of stupidity，not dishonesty.這只是個(gè)愚蠢的例子，并非不誠(chéng)實(shí)。
情形;場(chǎng)合;狀況‘Well，in that case，I would prefer to stay on the bus，’ I answered. `唉，那樣的話，我寧愿留在車上啦，‘我回答說。
a case of poverty窮苦的情形
病癥;病例This is a case of fever.這是一發(fā)燒的病例。
案件;訴訟a difficult case to prove一個(gè)很難辦的案子
In this case I’m acting for my friend Mr Smith.我在這次訴訟中代表我的朋友史密斯的利益。
The case against Mr. White is said to be heard tomorrow.據(jù)說懷特先生被起訴一案定于明天開庭。
The case was settled out of court.這案件在庭外解決。
事實(shí);實(shí)情The police have a clear case against the prisoner.警察有充足的事實(shí)對(duì)付那個(gè)囚犯。
Is that the case? No，that‘s not the case.事實(shí)是那樣嗎?不，事實(shí)并非如此。
【習(xí)慣用語】
in case假使，以防(引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣)
Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.倘若太陽很利害，你就把帽子戴上。
in case of假如;如果;萬一In case of rain they can’t go.萬一下雨，他們就不能去了。
in any case無論如何，不管怎樣
in no case決不;無論如何不
in that case如果是那樣的話
in this case假如這樣的話
in the case of就...來說，關(guān)于
6.accuse vt. accused，accusing控告;指控
The police accused him of murder.警方指控他謀殺。 The police accused him of stealing.警方控告他犯有盜竊罪。
Mary was accused as an accomplice.瑪麗被指控為同謀犯。
■accuse/charge
兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有“控訴，指控”之意，但它們后面所搭配的介詞不同。
accuse v.指控，控訴，與介詞of連用。The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盜竊罪。
charge v.可以指因?yàn)樾″e(cuò)而受的責(zé)備，也指因違法而受到控告，與介詞with連用。
The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了謀殺罪。
【常用搭配】
in charge of主管，看管in(under)the charge of在……的掌管下
charge sb.with指控某人………
charge(sb.)…(money)for sth.要價(jià)，要(某人)付….(錢)買某物
take charge開始管理，接管
7.deny vt. denied，denying否認(rèn);否定;拒絕相信
He said that I had stolen his bicycle，but I denied it.他說我偷了他的自行車，可是我否認(rèn)了。
背棄;摒棄He denied his country.他背棄了自己的國(guó)家。
拒絕;不給;不予;不允許He denies his wife nothing.他對(duì)他的妻子有求必應(yīng)。
【習(xí)慣用語】
deny oneself自制;克己;舍棄
●deny /decline /refuse /reject都含“拒絕”的意思。
▲deny指“堅(jiān)定地否認(rèn)某事為真實(shí)的”，如：He denied the charge.他否認(rèn)了控告。
deny doing(否認(rèn)做過某事);deny sb. sth(拒絕給某人某物)。Deny+that從句
▲decline指“較正式地、有禮貌地謝絕”，如：He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我們請(qǐng)他吃飯的邀請(qǐng)。主要用于拒絕有關(guān)社交活動(dòng)的邀請(qǐng)或要求幫助的請(qǐng)求，后接名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式，主語只能是人。I invited her to join us，but she declined.我邀請(qǐng)她和我們?cè)谝黄穑墒撬裱灾x絕了。
▲refuse系普通用語，指“堅(jiān)決、果斷或坦率地(不友善地)拒絕”，如：He refused to take the money.他拒絕接受此款。
▲reject指“以否定、敵對(duì)的態(tài)度而當(dāng)面拒絕”(指通過拋棄或送走、專橫地拒絕)，主語可以是人或物，后接名詞，不能接動(dòng)詞不定式。如：They rejected damaged goods.他們拒收損壞的貨物。He asked her to go to the movies three times，and each time she rejected him.他三次約她去看電影，但每一次都被拒絕。
8.defend vt.保衛(wèi);防護(hù);防守
She had to defend herself against the guard dog.她不得不防備看門狗咬她。
辯護(hù);辯解;守衛(wèi);防御
He‘s better at defending than attacking.他的防守優(yōu)于進(jìn)攻。 The accused man had a lawyer to defend him.被告有一律師為他辯護(hù)。
【習(xí)慣用語】
defend against保衛(wèi);抵抗defend from保護(hù)，保衛(wèi)(使不受傷害)
【參考詞匯】
defend /guard /protect /preserve都含“保護(hù)”、“使安全”的意思。
defend指“保衛(wèi)”、“防御”，應(yīng)用范圍很廣，對(duì)象可以是具體的，也可以是抽象的，用于defend sb. against / from harm結(jié)構(gòu)。如：defend oneself against enemy防御敵人。
guard指“注意觀察、戒備，以免受可能的攻擊或傷害”，如：guard a coastline守衛(wèi)海岸線。
protect指“保護(hù)...以免遭受危險(xiǎn)或傷害等”，常用protect sb. from sth./against sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：protect the children from harm保護(hù)兒童免受傷害。
preserve指“防護(hù)、保存...免被分解或腐爛”，如：Salt preserves food from decay.鹽能防止食物腐爛。
secure指確保不會(huì)發(fā)生意外等如secure oneself against/from danger使自己免于危險(xiǎn)。
By strengthening the river banks，the city secured itself against flood.由于加強(qiáng)了河堤，該城可確保免受水災(zāi)。
9.normal adj.正常的;常態(tài)的;一般的
The normal price of a ticket if $230!一張票的正常價(jià)格是230英鎊。
above [below] normal標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以上[下] return to normal恢復(fù)正常
The rain raised the river two meters above normal.雨水使得這條河水位超出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)兩米。
智力正常的;身心健全的a normal child
【參考詞匯】
■normal /ordinary /regular都含“正常的”、“正規(guī)的” 、“普通的”的意思。
normal指“正常的”、“正規(guī)的”、“常態(tài)的”，如：the normal temperature of the human body人的正常體溫。
ordinary強(qiáng)調(diào)“平常的”、“平淡無奇的”，常指人或事物不特殊。如：His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk.他通常的晚餐不過是面包和牛奶。an ordinary day’s work日常工作。
regular指“有規(guī)律的”、“正規(guī)的”、“定期的”，如：He kept regular hours.他過著有規(guī)律的生活。
common強(qiáng)調(diào)“常見的”、“不足為奇的”，如：Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常見。common knowledge/sense常識(shí)
general意為“普遍的”、“一般的”，如：This book is intended for the general reader，not for the specialist.這本書是為一般讀者寫的，不是為專家寫的。
10.注意幾個(gè)表否定的副詞
▲seldom adv.不常，很少
The children are seldom ill.這些孩子很少生病。Opportunity seldom knocks twice.機(jī)不可失，時(shí)不再來。
▲barely adv.貧乏地;剛剛
They had barely time to catch the plane.他們差點(diǎn)沒來得及趕上飛機(jī)。
The committee had barely entered into the matter when he felt dizzy.委員會(huì)剛開始討論此事，他就感到頭暈了。
He had barely enough money to buy food.他僅有剛夠買食物的錢。
▲hardly adv.幾乎不;簡(jiǎn)直不
This is hardly the time to discuss such matters.在現(xiàn)在討論這事根本不合適。
It was so dark that I could hardly see.天那么黑，我簡(jiǎn)直看不見了。
I can hardly ask him directly for more money.我絕不能直接向他多要錢。
He hardly ever eats meat.他從來不吃肉。 Peter is hardly ever late.瑪麗幾乎從不遲到。
【習(xí)慣用語】
hardly any幾乎沒有hardly ever很少
▲scarcely adv.不足地，不充分地，幾乎沒有
There is scarcely enough food.幾乎沒有足夠的食物。
There was scarcely anything mentioned about that contract.關(guān)于那份合同幾乎什么也沒提到。
…scarcely ….when/before…剛…一...就... (=…h(huán)ardly…when…= …no sooner…than….)
▲narrowly adv.僅僅;勉強(qiáng);恰好
One car narrowly missed hitting the other one.一輛車差點(diǎn)兒和另一輛相撞。
The boy narrowly escaped being drowned.那個(gè)男孩差一點(diǎn)被淹死。
▲nearly adv.幾乎，差不多
The job‘s nearly finished.這工作差不多完成了。 She nearly died.她差點(diǎn)兒死了。
Nearly everybody enters for ’The Nicest Garden Competition‘ each year，but Joe wins every time.
幾乎每個(gè)人都參加一年一度’最佳花園賽‘，但喬每次都奪魁。
I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman.我朝下一望看到一個(gè)警察時(shí)，差上點(diǎn)從梯子上掉下來
▲rarely adv.難得，很少
She is old and rarely goes out.她年紀(jì)大了，很少外出。
He rarely comes here anymore.現(xiàn)在他難得來這兒。
Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. `大本鐘’很少出差錯(cuò)。
Peter is rarely / seldom late.彼得不常遲到。;彼得很少遲到。
11.accurate adj.準(zhǔn)確的;精確的accurately adv. accurateness n.
an accurate answer準(zhǔn)確的答案
Is this watch accurate?這只表準(zhǔn)嗎?
【參考詞匯】
accurate /correct /exact均含“正確的”意思。
accurate表示“準(zhǔn)確的”，精確的”，指“通過努力，使事情達(dá)到正確”，指某人或某事不僅不出錯(cuò)，而且與事實(shí)無出入，強(qiáng)調(diào)準(zhǔn)確性如：She gave an accurate account of the accident.她對(duì)事故做了準(zhǔn)確的描述。
correct為一般用語，指“正確的”，指某人或某事合乎事實(shí)或公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或規(guī)則，沒有錯(cuò)誤
如：He gave correct answers to the questions.他對(duì)這些問題提出了正確的答案。 correct vt.改正;糾正Please correct this mistake.請(qǐng)改正這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
exact表示“確切的”，“精確無誤的”，指“與事實(shí)完全相符”，語氣較accurate強(qiáng)，指某人或某事數(shù)量或質(zhì)量完全符合事實(shí)或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而且在細(xì)致末節(jié)上也絲毫不差。如：His answer is quite exact.他的回答完全正確。
The exact date of the event has escaped me.我記不起這起事件的確切日期了。
proper含有生來就具備適宜性質(zhì)的含義，還表示某物具有它應(yīng)當(dāng)具備的性質(zhì)。如：do sth. the proper way以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞阶瞿呈?/p>
Appropriate“正確的;適當(dāng)?shù)摹保高m合于特殊的人及場(chǎng)合，地位等。強(qiáng)調(diào)自然具備適宜的性質(zhì)。如：an appropriate example適當(dāng)?shù)睦?/p>
fit意為某人或某物在目的上用途上適合。如：Your clothes fit well.你的衣服很合身。
The trousers don‘t fit him，they are too small.這條褲子他穿不合身，太小了。
This coat’s a beautiful fit to you.這件外衣對(duì)你非常合身。He runs to keep fit.他跑步為了保持健康。
suitable意味著適合某種情況。如：This toy is not suitable for young children.這個(gè)玩具不適合小小孩玩。
This wine is not suitable to my taste.這酒不合我的胃口。
12.approve vt.，vi. Approved—approving批準(zhǔn);認(rèn)可;通過[反意詞disapprove]
approve屬常用詞，表示“官方或正式批準(zhǔn)”，用于上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)，長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩，如：My father approved my going to the border regions.我父親同意我去邊區(qū)。
My parents don‘t approve of me smoking cigarettes.我的父母不準(zhǔn)許我吸煙。
The resolution was approved 82 to 16 with 18 abstentions.決議以八十二票對(duì)十六票通過，十八票棄權(quán)。
The mayoress approved the new building plans.女市長(zhǎng)批準(zhǔn)了新建筑計(jì)劃。
(常與of連用)贊成，贊同I don’t approve of wasting time.我不贊成浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
I don‘t approve of smoking.我不贊成抽煙。
Her father will never approve of her marriage to you.他父親永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)同意她和你結(jié)婚。
13.process n. (大自然的)作用，活動(dòng)the process of breathing呼吸作用
步驟the process of learning to read
學(xué)習(xí)閱讀的步驟The firm is now in the process of moving the main equipment to a new place.公司目前正在把主要設(shè)備遷到新地址去。
過程the process of digestion
vt.加工(食品等);沖洗One has to process a photographic film to print pictures from it.必須先處理照相底片才能沖印出相片。
〈計(jì)〉處理;小心準(zhǔn)備;仔細(xì)檢查
The plans are now being processed.計(jì)劃現(xiàn)正在審查。
14.intention n.計(jì)劃;目的
I began reading with the intention of finishing the book，but I never did.我開始讀這本書時(shí)想讀完它，可是我從來就沒把它讀完。
He has no intention of marrying yet.他還沒有要結(jié)婚的打算。
What is your intention?你的意圖究竟是什么?
【習(xí)慣用語】
by intention故意
have no intention of doing ...無意做... the intention of a clause條款的意旨
with the intention of抱有...目的，打算
with the best of intentions好心好意，出于一片好心
without intention無意中，不是故意地.如：If I’ve hurt your feelings，it was quite without intention.如果我傷了你的感情那完全是無意的。
15.ahead of adv.，adj.在前;向前;提前
Walk straight ahead until you reach the river.一直朝前走到河邊。
The road ahead was full of cattle.前面的路上擠滿了牛群。
Owing to our joint efforts，the task was fulfilled ahead of time.由于我們的共同努力，任務(wù)提前完成了。
【習(xí)慣用語】
be ahead [美口]占優(yōu)勢(shì)，可望取勝;贏錢，賺錢
ahead of在...前頭;早于;超過。如：ahead of time [schedule]提前
Go ahead!前進(jìn)，有進(jìn)展;繼續(xù)干下去
16.employ vt. Employed—employing雇用;使用
The firm employs about 100 men.這家公司大約雇了100人。
This motor plant is employing three thousand workers.這家汽車工廠雇用著三千員工。
The firm employs the retired professor as an adviser.這家公司聘這們退休的教授擔(dān)任顧問。
She employs her time wisely.她善于利用時(shí)間。
【習(xí)慣用語】
in the employ of被…雇用。如：I have been for over five years in the employ of an exporting company.本人曾經(jīng)前后五年被受雇于出口貿(mào)易公司。
in sb.‘s employ受...雇用。如：The company should aid those in its employ in everything..
out of employ失業(yè)。如：Because of the typhoon “Saomai (桑美)”，many of the workers are out of employ.
employ oneself in從事于，時(shí)間花在... He employed himself (in) teaching English.他從事英語教學(xué)工作。
employ oneself on從事于，時(shí)間花在...
employ oneself doing從事于，時(shí)間花在...
employ... as把...用作。如：He employed the girl as a typist.他雇用那位小姐當(dāng)打字員。
Employ English as a common language.把英語當(dāng)作共同語言使用。
▲hire /employ/rent
hire解作“雇用”時(shí)與employ同義，但用法稍有不同。hire是一般用法，指普通的雇用，可用于人或物，如：hire a servant、hire Whe hire a taxi downtown.我們乘計(jì)程汽車入市區(qū)。
employ是較正式的用語，一般指大公司聘用職員，如employ a teacher、employ a clerk、employ a manager等。
rent只可用于物件(尤其建筑物類)，如：
The holiday-makers rented a jeep for their journey.那些度假人士租用一輛吉普車去旅行。
Unable to afford a flat，the newly-weds have to rent a room.那對(duì)新婚夫婦因買不起一套房子而只好租住一個(gè)房間。
17.cover vt. (常與with連用)蓋;覆蓋
She covered the table with a cloth.她用一塊布把桌子罩起來。 be covered with snow all the year round終年積雪
占(時(shí)間或空間) The town covers 5 square miles.小鎮(zhèn)占地5平方英里。
行過(路程);通過I want to cover 100 miles by dark.我想在天黑之前走完100英里。
報(bào)導(dǎo);對(duì)…進(jìn)行新聞采訪cover a fire for a newspaper為報(bào)紙采訪失火的新聞
包括;包含;論及The review covered everything we learned last term.這次復(fù)習(xí)包括上學(xué)期我們所學(xué)的全部課程。His studies covered a wide field.他的知識(shí)淵博。
【習(xí)慣用語】
be covered with蓋滿，覆滿充滿(羞慚，慌亂等)，不勝...
from cover to cover從頭到尾一頁不漏
under the cover of在...掩護(hù)下;打著...的幌子
cover up完全蓋住，蓋好
cover n.遮蓋物蓋子;罩子(圖書、雜志的)封面
The book had a blue cover.這本書有一個(gè)藍(lán)色的封面。
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